How to Read a Poem Closely

A poem can look difficult at first. This five-step method works for any poem.

1. Read it twice — once aloud

The first reading is for the overall feeling. The second, aloud, helps you hear rhythm and rhyme.

2. Say what happens

In one or two sentences, describe the situation: who is speaking, to whom, and about what?

3. Notice the words

Underline words that stand out — surprising images, repeated words, strong verbs.

4. Identify the devices

Look for imagery, simile, metaphor, personification and repetition. Ask: what effect does each one create?

5. Find the tone and message

Is the poem joyful, angry, sad or hopeful? What does the poet want us to think or feel?

Try it: use these five steps on a short poem from your set texts and write one paragraph for each step.